2025 India-Pakistan Conflict: High-Level Notes - Quwa

Bilal Khan

From 07 to 10 Might 2025, Pakistan and India fought a quick – however intense – army battle. After about 4 days of combating, the battle was stopped by way of an American-mediated ceasefire, introduced by President Donald Trump on 10 Might.

In the middle of the brief battle, the world witnessed an extended checklist of essential warfare shifts: a large-scale air battle between multirole fighters, heavy use of drones and loitering munitions, the deployment of supersonic to near-hypersonic ballistic and cruise missiles, and even a declaration of cyberwarfare on infrastructure.

Total, the 2025 Indo-Pak Battle provided a prelude to the subsequent technology of typical warfare between main states, i.e., a battle the place well-equipped, well-integrated militaries employed full system-of-systems in opposition to one another.

Quwa will discover how Pakistan’s prior procurement and planning had fared within the battle, and the potential end result this battle may have on Pakistan’s future procurement and improvement packages by way of a sequence of articles and different content material items.

As a place to begin, this text will look at a number of key observations at a excessive degree – these might be unpacked in higher element in future content material within the coming weeks and months.

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Key Shifts within the 2025 Indo-Pak Battle

Did China Lastly Earn Its ‘Fight Confirmed’ Badge?

From the primary day of hostilities, one of many headlining tales was the obvious success the PAF had in deploying its Chinese language-built plane, notably the J-10CE ‘Dragon’ and the JF-17C Thunder Block-3, the latter being collectively produced by the Pakistan Aeronautical Complicated (PAC) and Aviation Business Company of China (AVIC)

The crux of this was the PAF claiming it shot down as many as three Indian Air Drive (IAF) Dassault Rafale fighters, which India ordered from France in 2016 and started inducting in the summertime of 2020. The IAF acquired a complete of 36 Rafales, with the Indian Navy (IN) just lately finalizing a deal for 26 Rafale Ms.

It’s nonetheless not sure if the IAF misplaced a Rafale, however reviews from CNN and Reuters quoting French and U.S. safety officers about no less than one being misplaced does elevate the likelihood.

Furthermore, there are additionally reviews from inside India and third-party information media (quoting Indian officers) about no less than three plane crashing in Indian territory, and, till this level, none of these have been recognized as Pakistani.

Thus, with some extent of likelihood (however not with certainty), evidently the PAF’s Chinese language plane efficiently shot down no less than three or 4 IAF plane of French and Russian origin. Likewise, there are not any verifiable reviews of Chinese language-origin plane being shot down.

If the PAF genuinely believes it downed a number of IAF plane (particularly Rafales), then from its standpoint, Chinese language-origin plane greater than meet its necessities, each on paper and within the air in real-world fight. Thus, the PAF will procure further Chinese language plane; nevertheless, what these might be would rely upon how Air Headquarters (AHQ) revises its necessities following the PAF’s air fight operations in opposition to India.

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